Suicide Essays (2079 words) - Suicide, Depression, Suicide In Iran

Self destruction Self destruction can best be depicted as the damaging demonstration of willfully taking ones own life. Self destruction frequently presents a genuine and regularly disastrous riddle to be fathomed by loved ones, and whatever other experts who have been associated with somebody who has ended it all. To have the option to absolutely address the inquiry with regards to why an individual would submit such a lethal demonstration is by all accounts a profoundly mind boggling task. The casualty oneself, is maybe the least mindful of the response to this ninth driving reason for death. Researchers have found that the reason for this deadly conduct can be discovered both inside and without the person. Regardless of whether natural, sociological or mental the inquiry stays with respect to which one will give clarifications to self-destructive conduct. Or on the other hand maybe, could the appropriate response be that every one of these elements are by one way or another interrelated. Whatever the case might be the insights are alarmingly genuine. There is more self destruction passings than murders in the United States each year. Inconceivably in this way, self destruction is in actuality the ninth driving reason for death in the United Stated. For the youthful, comprising up to the age of fifteen, it is the third reason for death in the United States. All things considered, at regular intervals one individual will finish this pointless demonstration bringing about death. Men represent 80% of all suicides in the United States and are almost certain than ladies to be fruitful at slaughtering themselves. There are, adjusted to the closest individual, one female self destruction fruition to each four male self destruction culminations. Suicides submitted utilizing guns make up more than 60% of the populace that has ended it all. Of this 60% of gun self destruction, white men make up 80% of this measurement. Consistently there are 700 seventy-5,000 self destruction endeavors in the United States. It is evaluated that 5,000,000 Am ericans have endeavored self destruction. For each male self destruction endeavor there are three female endeavors. Most of overdose endeavors is fruitless and represent 70% of self destruction endeavors (SFSP: U.S. Self destruction Statistics, 1996). It is assessed that for each self destruction there is six survivors near the casualties that are influenced. The measurements are dazzling. How might we see better why people would end their own life (McIntosh, 1997) The end that self destruction is firmly identified with mental sickness is the thing that analysts have thought of. The three analyses with the most elevated hazard are melancholy, liquor addiction and schizophrenia. 70% of suicides would have been determined to have significant wretchedness. Fifteen percent would have been determined to have liquor abuse and four percent from schizophrenia. Analysts have utilized two techniques to think of these discoveries. The first, the analysts discover what extent of individuals who have ended it all have been determined to have a mental sickness from quite a while ago. The second technique for research includes what is called mental post-mortem. Mental post-mortem examination includes cautiously scrutinizing the relatives and companions of the self destruction casualty. These inquiries are regarding the individual perspective, temperament and conduct of the expired individual going before their demise. The end that most of suicides were the af tereffect of mental sickness before death has been unequivocally bolstered by these two examination methods (Williams, 1997). Significant sorrow conveys a fifteen-percent lifetime hazard related with self destruction. Discouragement is a perspective that outcomes in sentiments of defenselessness, misery, estrangement, and wild inclinations to shed an undesirable self. Regularly, gloom incorporates an assortment of physical grievances that can't be analyzed as a physical ailment. It is typical for any person to feel gloom at once or another. Likewise, there are numerous variables related with sorrow. Any individual managing overpowering measures of pressure can encounter gloom. In any case, it is the point at which an individual remains discouraged for expanded timeframes, that the probability of having self-destructive urges builds (Williams, 1997). Like that of discouraged people, Alcoholics likewise convey a fifteen-percent lifetime danger of self destruction. Liquor reliance can be communicated in one of three different ways. By expending liquor exorbitantly every day. Second, by expending over the top measures of liquor on a customary end of the week premise. Third, by unnecessarily devouring liquor on gorges

Chapter 2 Exercises & Case Exercises Essay

Activities 1. Think about the announcement: an individual danger operator, similar to a programmer, can be a factor in more than one danger class. In the event that a programmer hacks into a system, duplicates a couple of records, destroys the Web page, and takes Visa numbers, what number of various danger classes does this assault fall into? a. Generally, I accept this assault falls into four significant danger classifications: intentional demonstrations of trespass, bargains to protected innovation, specialized disappointments, and administrative disappointment. Besides, I accept this assault would be sorted as a conscious demonstration of robbery/trespass which bargains protected innovation because of specialized and administrative disappointments. b. It appears as this programmer was intentionally causing hurt (for example duplicating records, vandalizing the website page, and robbery of Visa numbers); because of their technique for passage †hacking into a system †it leaves me to accept there were some specialized disappointments, for example, programming vulnerabilities or a snare entryway. Notwithstanding, that is only one chance regarding what could have happened. This could have additionally been an administrative disappointment; state the obscure programmer utilized social building to acquire the data t o access the system †legitimate arranging and technique execution could have conceivably ruined this hacker’s assault. 2. Utilizing the Web, inquire about Mafiaboy’s misuses. When and how could he bargain locales? How was he gotten? c. Michael Demon Calce, otherwise called Mafiaboy, was a secondary school understudy from West Island, Quebec, who propelled a progression of exceptionally plugged DDoS (disavowal of-administration) assaults in February 2000 against enormous business sites including: Yahoo!, Fifa.com, Amazon.com, Dell, Inc., E*Trade, eBay, and CNN. Calce likewise endeavored to dispatch a progression of synchronous assaults against nine of the thirteen root name servers. d. On February seventh, 2000, Calce focused on Yahoo! With an undertaking he named â€Å"Rivolta† †which means revolt in Italian. This undertaking used a refusal of administration digital assault in which servers become over-burden with various sorts of correspondences, to t heâ point in which they totally shut down. Calce figured out how to close down the multibillion dollar organization and the web’s top internet searcher for nearly 60 minutes. His objective was to set up predominance for himself and TNT †his cybergroup. Throughout the following week, Calce additionally cut down eBay, CNN, Amazon and Dell by means of the equivalent DDoS assault. e. Calce’s activities were under doubt when the FBI and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police saw posts in an IRC chatroom which boasted/guaranteed obligation regarding the assaults. He turned into the main presume when he professed to have cut down Dell’s site, an assault not yet plugged at that point. Data on the wellspring of the assaults was at first found and answered to the press by Michael Lyle, boss innovation official of Recourse Technologies. Calce at first rejected obligation however later confessed to the greater part of the charges brought against him †the Montreal Youth Court condemned him on September 12, 2001 t o eight months of â€Å"open custody,† one year of probation, limited utilization of the Internet, and a little fine. It is assessed that these assaults caused $1.2 billion dollars in worldwide monetary harms. 3. Quest the Web for the â€Å"The Official Phreaker’s Manual.† What data contained in this manual may help a security executive to ensure a correspondences framework? f. A security chairman is an expert in PC and system security, including the organization of security gadgets, for example, firewalls, just as counseling on general safety efforts. g. Phreaking is a slang term instituted to portray the movement of a culture of individuals who study, try different things with, or investigate media transmission frameworks, for example, gear and frameworks associated with open phone systems. Since phone systems have become electronic, phreaking has gotten firmly connected with PC hacking. I. Case of Phreaking: Using different sound frequencies to control a telephone framework. h. By and large, a security head could utilize this manual to pick up information on terms related with phreaking and the in’s and outs of the procedure (for example how it is executed). Nonetheless, the security director should concentrate on Chapter 10 †â€Å"War on Phreaking† †this area (pg 71-73) manages ideas, for example, get to, â€Å"doom,† following, and security. A manager could figure out this data to secure his/her frameworks from such assaults. 4. The part examined numerous dangers and vulnerabilities to data security. Utilizing the Web, find in any event two different wellsprings of data on danger and vulnerabilities. Start with www.securityfocus.com and utilize a watchword search on â€Å"threats.† I. http://www.darkreading.com/weakness dangers ii. Dull Reading’s Vulnerabilities and Threats Tech Center is your asset for breaking news and data on the most recent potential dangers and specialized vulnerabilities influencing today’s IT condition. Composed for security and IT experts, the Vulnerabilities and Threats Tech Center is intended to give inside and out data on newfound system and application vulnerabilities, potential cybersecurity endeavors, and security investigate results j. http://www.symantec.com/security_response/ iii. Our security look into revolves the world over give unrivaled investigation of and insurance from IT security dangers that incorporate malware, security dangers, vulnerabilities, and spam. 5. Utilizing the classes of dangers referenced in this section, just as the different assaults portrayed, survey a few current media sources and recognize instances of each. k. Demonstrations of human mistake or disappointment: iv. Understudies and staff were told in February that nearly 350,000 of them could have had their standardized savings numbers and money related data uncovered on the web. v. â€Å"It occurred during an overhaul of a portion of our IT frameworks. We were redesigning a server and through human blunder there was a misconfiguration in the setting up of that server,† said UNCC representative, Stephen Ward. l. Bargains to licensed innovation: vi. Today we bring updates on activity against a site that provided connections to movies, music and games facilitated on record hosters all around the globe. Specialists state they have charged three people said to be the executives of an enormous record sharing site. vii. To get a thought of the gravity neighborhood police are putting looking into the issue, we can think about some ongoing details. As indicated by US specialists Megaupload, one of the world’s biggest sites at that point, cost rightsholders $500m. GreekDDL (as indicated by Alexa Greece’s 63rd biggest site) purportedly cost rightsholders $85.4m. m. Purposeful demonstrations of secret activities or trespass: viii. The individual answerable for one of the most huge breaks in US political history is Edward Snowden, a 29-year-old previous specialized associate for the CIA and current worker of the guard temporary worker Booz Allen Hamilton. Snowden has been working at the National Security Agency throughout the previous four years as a representative of different outside contractual workers, including Booz Allen and Dell. ix. Snowden will stand out forever as one of America’s most important informants, close by Daniel Ellsberg and Bradley Manning. He is answerable for giving over material from one of the world’s most cryptic association †the NSA. x. Extra, intriguing, read: http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-201_162-57600000/edward-snowdens-advanced moves despite everything confusing u.s-government/1. The government’s criminological examination is grappling with Snowden’s obvious capacity to crush shields built up to screen and deflect individuals taking a gander a t data without legitimate consent. n. Purposeful demonstrations of data blackmail: xi. Programmers professed to have penetrated the frameworks of the Belgian credit supplier Elantis and took steps to distribute private client data if the bank doesn't pay $197,000 before Friday, they said in an announcement presented on Pastebin. Elantis affirmed the information penetrate Thursday, however the bank said it won't surrender to blackmail dangers. xii. The programmers guarantee to have caught login certifications and tables with online credit applications which hold information, for example, complete names, sets of responsibilities, contact data, ID card numbers and salary figures. xiii. As per the programmers the information was put away unprotected and decoded on the servers. To demonstrate the hack, portions of what they professed to be caught client information were distributed. o. Intentional demonstrations of treachery or vandalism: xiv. Terminated Contractor Kisses Off Fannie Mae With Logic Bomb xv. Rajendrasinh Babubha Makwana, a previous IT temporary worker at Fannie Mae who was terminated for committing a coding error, was accused for the current seven day stretch of setting a â€Å"logic bomb† inside the company’s Urbana, Md., server farm in late October of a year ago. The malware was set to become effective at 9 a.m. EST Saturday what's more, would have debilitated inside observing frameworks as it did its harm. Anybody signing on to Fannie Mae’s Unix server arrange after that would have seen the words â€Å"Server Graveyard† show up on their workstation screens. p. Conscious demonstrations of burglary: xvi. Four Russian nationals and a Ukrainian have been accused of running a refined hacking association that entered PC systems of in excess of twelve significant American and worldwide partnerships more than seven years, taking and selling at any rate 160 million credit and charge card numbers, bringing about misfortunes of a huge number of dollars. q. Intentional programming assaults: xvii. China Mafia-Style Hack Attack Drives California Firm to Brink xviii. A gathering of programmers from China pursued a persistent battle of digital badgering against Solid Oak Software Inc., M

Profit Maximization

Firms are ready to go for a basic explanation: To bring in cash. Conventional financial hypothesis recommends that organizations settle on their choices on flexibly and yield based on benefit augmentation. Anyway numerous Economists and administrative Scientists in our days question that the sole point of a firm is the expansion of benefits. The most genuine evaluate on the hypothesis of the firm originates from the individuals who question whether firms even put forth an attempt to augment their benefits. A firm (particularly an enormous company) is anything but a solitary chief however an assortment of individuals inside it. This infers so as to comprehend the dynamic procedure inside firms, we need to examine who controls the firm and what their inclinations are. The way that most enormous organizations are not run by the their proprietors is frequently presented to help this case. An enormous organization normally is possessed by a large number of investors, the majority of whom have nothing to do with the business choices. Those choices are made by an expert supervisory group, designated by a salaried top managerial staff. As a rule these chiefs won't own stock in the organization which may prompt unequivocally varying objectives of proprietors and administrators. Since proprietorship gives an individual a case on the benefit of the firm, the more prominent the association's benefit, the higher the owners† salary. Consequently the proprietors objective will be benefit augmentation. When managers† compensation remains unaffected by higher benefits they may seek after different objectives to raise their own utility. This conduct strikes the basic onlooker consistently when for instance perusing or viewing the budgetary media. Administrators there regularly rather notice the ascents in deals or the development of their organization rather then the benefits. A few financial analysts like Begg (1996) contended that chiefs have a motivation to advance development as administrators of bigger organizations typically get more significant compensations. Others like Williamson (1964) proposed that chiefs get further utility from perquisites, for example, huge workplaces, many subordinate specialists, organization vehicles and so on. Fanning (1990) gives a somewhat odd model: When WPP Group PLC assumed control over the J. Walter Thompson Company, they found that the firm was burning through $80,000 p. . to have a steward convey a stripped orange each morning to one of their administrators. A superfluous cost unmistakably from the viewpoint of the organization proprietors. In any case, frequently it gets hard to distinguish and isolate this convenience boost from benefit augmentation. A corporate stream for instance could be either defended as a benefit augmenting reaction to the high open door cost of a top official or a costly and expensive official superficial point of interest. Baumol (1967) conjectured that supervisors regularly append their own notoriety to the company†s income or deals. An esteem expanding chief in this way would prefer to endeavor to amplify the firms† all out income then their benefits. Figure 1 shows how the yield decisions of income and benefit augmenting directors vary. The figure plots the peripheral income and minor cost bends. Absolute Revenue tops at x r , which is the amount at which the minimal income bend crosses the even pivot. Any amount underneath x r , negligible income will be sure and the absolute income bend will ascend as yield goes up. Subsequently an income amplifying supervisor would keep on delivering extra yield paying little mind to its impacts on cost. Given this data one may inquire as to why the proprietors don†t mediate when their selected administrators don†t direct their activities in light of a legitimate concern for the proprietors, by augmenting benefits. As a matter of first importance, the proprietors won't have a similar access to data as the administrators do. Where Information identifies with proficient abilities of Business organization just as those of the organizations inward structure and its market enviroment. Besides, when stood up to with the proprietors requests for benefit boosting arrangements, a shrewd director can generally contend that her commitment in exercises, similar to a harming value war or a costly promoting effort serve the since quite a while ago run prospect of high benefits. This reason is hard to challenge until it is past the point of no return. Another viewpoint is that directors intending to augment development of their organization (anticipating more significant compensations, power, glory, and so on ) regularly work with a benefit limitation. A benefit limitation is the base degree of benefit expected to keep the investors upbeat. The impacts of such a benefit requirement are shown in Figure2. Figure2 shows an all out benefit bend (T? ). T? is gotten from the distinction among TR and TC at each yield level. On the off chance that the base satisfactory degree of benefit is ? , any yield more noteworthy then Q3 will bring about a benefit underneath ?. In this way a deals augmenting supervisor will settle on Q3 which gives the most significant level of deals at the base conceivable benefit. This anyway would not be the benefit expanding choice. So as to expand benefits the chief would need to picked a yield level that makes Q2, where benefits are most noteworthy yet deals lower then in Q3. So given this irreconcilable circumstance between the proprietors and the chiefs of a firm? What are the potential arrangements accessible to the proprietors, to make their specialists work to their greatest advantage? It is frequently recommended that a powerful method to control the supervisors conduct and align it with the proprietors interests, is to make the administrators proprietors themselves by giving them an offer in the organization. In any case, look into by De Meza and Lockwood (1998) proposes that even with the chiefs possessing resources, their exhibition doesn't really turn out to be more benefit raising. Rajan and Zingales (1998) surveyed the effect of intensity and access to it on the conduct and execution of chiefs. Their discoveries recommend that the force picked up by access to basic assets is more unforeseen than possession on supervisors or operators to settle on the correct speculation and choices then proprietorship. They likewise report unfriendly impacts of possession on the motivating force to practice. Different approaches to control chiefs incorporate execution based compensation, which can end up being powerful in the short-run however once more, the since quite a while ago run viewpoint of the firm may endure, when supervisors disregard pivotal Since a long time ago run ventures into Research and Development, rebuilding, gear or promoting to raise short-run benefits and henceforth their own compensations. All in all note that benefit amplification neglects to show a general legitimacy when applied as a hypothesis of firm-conduct. This present reality organizations regularly work on a multi-dimensional premise with many standing up to interests and points. Just as contrasting short-run and since quite a while ago run points. Accordingly benefit augmentation ought to be viewed as one potential objective of a firm yet not really its sole one. There is additionally a distinction to be noted between the size of firms. A little family-run business for example can without much of a stretch embrace an unadulterated benefit amplifying approach, since the utility of its proprietors rises to that of the work power and the administration. In this setting, the salary will approach benefit. In this manner it is basic to survey and build up a hypothesis of firm conduct on the various classes of firms with a point of view to their individual contrasts in the executives, proprietorship and market enviroment.

Community College

Is there anything wrong with attending a community college? I know the famous advice is not to care what people think about you, but that’s just it. Since certain family members believe they know it all, they have quite a reaction when I tell them what college I’ll be attending.My parents had to be very persuasive to get me even to consider a two-year school. Both attended a community college and have great jobs. Neither has a Ph.D. or M.D. but I know one doctor who first went to a community college and then transferred to Tufts University. This particular doctor made a very smart move not to overwhelm himself with taking the SAT in order to go to a four-year school. Not to mention that he saved a lot of money by only paying for two years of a private four-year education. Community college is much less expensive than four-year colleges. Don’t get me wrong, I’m sure many scholarships are awarded to hard-working seniors. If someone absolutely wanted to get i nto one of those Ivy League schools chances are he or she might be able to. But one little secret I’ve found is that those students have a minimum of six hours of homework every day plus an additional three hours for their major and various projects. I’d venture to bet that these students, after the first two months of school, are stressed out to no end. Sure, high school is stressful at times, but not all the time.So, I’m going to Manchester Community College to study what intrigues me most, and I can say it in one word: surgery. Yes, I’m attending a community college to pursue my dream of living life in the operating room. Speaking of competition, this program for surgical technologists was by far the most competitive thing I ever dreamed of. I was the first one out of 24 to be accepted. Twenty-four students are not a lot. I’m glad because I’ll be working at what I like. And massive motivation is something I have so it will make my college experience easier and more fun. I do plan to transfer to a four-year school after I obtain my associate’s degree in surgical technology, but first, it’s community college for me. Community College Here I am, a senior. After four years of high school I have learned a lot of lessons. Some were good and valuable, the type I got when I actually went to class. I have also learned others just from growing up and being around other teenagers. I started senior year with a 1.5 GPA, which is not even close to what I am capable of. The last three years I fooled around and cut lots of classes. Now, I can easily say that it is the only thing in life that I regret. Next year I will watch most of my friends go to college while I lost that chance. This does not mean that I am giving up on my dreams, but when I started high school, my goal was to get great grades and go to a competitive college. Now I'm hoping to go to a community college so I can improve my grades to reach this goal. This year, I pretty much have an A average in my classes, which just goes to show that when I apply myself, I can do amazingly well.At first I blamed the people around me for my bad experiences, but I've learned that it's my fault when bad things happen. In the last three years I realized that I am the only one in control of myself. While making my teachers and my peers the excuse for not wanting to go to class, I developed a huge lying problem. I found myself making excuses for cutting, hoping that others would believe me; the only person who really believed me was me. If I could start over, I would in a heartbeat, but I can't, so instead of beating myself up, I try talking to younger teenagers about the importance of doing well in school by explaining the situation I got myself into. Community college looks like a great opportunity. I am looking forward to taking many credits and receiving good grades. Some say going there means staying home and not having the thrill of being away at college, but I see community college as a year to turn my life around. It's my ticket out of here to wherever I want to go. I have another chance to make my future and I've promised myself I won't mess up.Nex t year I will apply myself, as I am this year. They say we need to study history so we won't repeat our past; I've studied my personal history, and will avoid my mistakes in the future. I am ready for the next task in life, the only question is, is it ready for me?

CSS Alabama - Civil War - Confederate Raider

Nation: Confederate States of AmericaType: Screw SteamerShipyard: John Laird Sons, BirkenheadLaid Down: 1862Launched: July 29, 1862Commissioned: August 24, 1862Fate: Sunk, June 19, 1864 CSS Alabama - Specifications Displacement: 1,050 tonsLength: 220 ft.Beam: 31 ft., 8 ft.Draft: 17 ft., 8 in.Speed: 13 knotsComplement: 145 men CSS Alabama - Armament Guns 6 x 32 lb. guns, 1 x 100 lb. Blakeley Rifle, 1 x 8 in. gun CSS Alabama - Construction Operating in England, Confederate agent James Bulloch was tasked with establishing contacts and finding vessels for the fledgling Confederate Navy. Establishing a relationship with Fraser, Trenholm Company, a respected shipping company, to facilitate the sale of Southern cotton, he was later able to use the firm as a front for his naval activities. As the British government remained officially neutral in the American Civil War, Bulloch was unable to purchase ships outright for military use. Working through Fraser, Trenholm Company, he was able to contract for the construction of a screw sloop at the yard of John Laird Sons Company in Birkenhead. Laid down in 1862, the new hull was designated #290 and launched on July 29, 1862. Initially named Enrica, the new ship was powered by a direct-acting, horizontal condensing steam engine with twin horizontal cylinders which powered a retractable propeller. In addition, Enrica was rigged as a three-masted barque and was capable of employing a large spread of canvas. As Enrica completed fitting out, Bulloch hired a civilian crew to sail the new vessel to Terceira in the Azores. Reaching the island, the ship was soon met by its new commander, Captain Raphael Semmes, and the supply vessel Agrippina which was carrying guns for Enrica. After Semmes arrival, work began to convert Enrica into a commerce raider. Over the next few days, sailors endeavored to mount the heavy guns which included six 32-pdr smoothbores as well as a 100-pdr Blakely Rifle and an 8-in. smoothbore. The latter two guns were placed on pivot mounts along the ships centerline. With the conversion complete, the ships moved into international waters off Terceira where Semmes officially commissioned the s hip into the Confederate Navy as CSS Alabama on August 24. CSS Alabama - Early Successes Though Semmes had sufficient officers to oversee the running of Alabama, he had no sailors. Addressing the crews of the attending ships, he offered them signing money, lucrative bonuses, as well as prize money if they signed on for a cruise of unknown length. Semmes efforts proved successful, and he was able to convince eighty-three sailors to join his ship. Electing to remain in the eastern Atlantic, Semmes departed Terceira and began stalking Union whaling ships in the area. On September 5, Alabama scored its first victim when it captured the whaler Ocumlgee in the western Azores. Burning the whaler the following morning, Alabama continued its operations with great success. Over the next two weeks, the raider destroyed a total of ten Union merchant ships, mostly whalers, and inflicted around $230,000 in damage. Turning west, Semmes sailed for the East Coast. After encountering poor weather en route, Alabama made its next captures on October 3 when it took the merchant ships Emily Farnum and Brilliant. While the former was released, the latter was burned. Over the next month, Semmes successfully took eleven more Union merchant ships as Alabama moved south along the coast. Of these, all were burned but two which were bonded and sent to port loaded with crewmen and civilians from Alabamas conquests. Though Semmes desired to raid New York Harbor, a lack of coal forced him to abandon this plan. Turning south, Semmes steamed for Martinique with the goal of meeting Agrippina and resupplying. Reaching the island, he learned that Union ships were aware of his presence. Sending the supply ship to Venezuela, Alabama was later forced slip past USS San Jacinto (6 guns) to escape. Re-coaling, Semmes sailed for Texas with the hope of frustrating Union operations off Galveston, TX. CSS Alabama - Defeat of USS Hatteras After pausing at Yucatan to conduct maintenance on Alabama, Semmes reached the vicinity of Galveston on January 11, 1863. Spotting the Union blockading force, Alabama was seen and approached by USS Hatteras (5). Turning to flee like a blockade runner, Semmes lured Hatteras away from its consorts before turning to attack. Closing on the Union sidewheeler, Alabama opened fire with its starboard broadside and in a quick thirteen-minute battle forced Hatteras to surrender. With the Union ship sinking, Semmes took the crew aboard and departed the area. Landing and paroling the Union prisoners, he turned south and made for Brazil. Operating along the coast of South America through late July, Alabama enjoyed a successful spell that saw it capture twenty-nine Union merchant ships. CSS Alabama - Indian Pacific Oceans In need of refit and with Union warships searching for him, Semmes sailed for Cape Town, South Africa. Arriving, Alabama spent part of August undergoing a badly-needed overhaul. While there, he commissioned one of his prizes, the bark Conrad, as CSS Tuscaloosa (2). While operating off South Africa, Semmes learned of the arrival of the powerful USS Vanderbilt (15) at Cape Town. After making two captures on September 17, Alabama turned east into the Indian Ocean. Passing through the Sunda Strait, the Confederate raider eluded USS Wyoming (6) before making three quick captures in early November. Finding hunting sparse, Semmes moved along the north coast of Borneo before overhauling his ship at Candore. Seeing little reason to remain in the area, Alabama turned west and arrived at Singapore on December 22. CSS Alabama - Difficult Circumstances Receiving a cool reception from British authorities in Singapore, Semmes soon departed. Despite Semmes best efforts, Alabama was in increasingly poor condition and badly needed dockyard refit. In addition, crew morale was low due to poor hunting in eastern waters. Understanding that these issues could only be resolved in Europe, he moved through the Straits of Malacca with the intention of reaching Britain or France. While in the straits, Alabama made three captures. The first of these, Martaban (formerly Texas Star) possessed British papers but had changed from American ownership only two weeks earlier. When Martabans captain failed to produce a sworn certificate stating that the papers were authentic, Semmes burned the ship. This action incensed the British and would ultimately force Semmes to sail for France. Re-crossing the Indian Ocean, Alabama departed Cape Town on March 25, 1864. Finding little in the way of Union shipping, Alabama made its final two captures in late April in the form of Rockingham and Tycoon. Though additional ships were sighted, the raiders fouled bottom and aging machinery allowed the potential prey to out-run the once-swift Alabama. Reaching Cherbourg on June 11, Semmes entered the harbor. This proved a poor choice as the only dry docks in the city belonged to the French Navy whereas La Havre possessed privately-owned facilities. Requesting use of the dry docks, Semmes was informed that it required the permission of Emperor Napoleon III who was on vacation. The situation was made worse by the fact that the Union ambassador in Paris immediately alerted all Union naval vessels in Europe as to Alabamas location. CSS Alabama - The Final Fight Among those who received word was Captain John A. Winslow of USS (7). Having been banished to a European command by Secretary of Navy Gideon Welles for making critical comments after the 1862 Second Battle of Manassas, Winslow quickly got his ship underway from the Scheldt and steamed south. Reaching Cherbourg on June 14, he entered the harbor and circled the Confederate ship before departing. Careful to respect French territorial waters, Winslow began patrolling outside of the harbor to prevent the raiders escape as well as prepared Kearsarge for battle by tricing chain cable over the vital areas of the ships sides. Unable to secure permission to use the dry docks, Semmes faced a difficult choice. The longer he remained in port, the greater the Union opposition would likely become and the chances increased that the French would prevent his departure. As a result, after issuing a challenge to Winslow, Semmes emerged with his ship on June 19. Escorted by the French ironclad frigate Couronne and the British yacht Deerhound, Semmes approached the limit of French territorial waters. Battered from its long cruise and with its store of powder in poor condition, Alabama entered the battle at a disadvantage. As the two vessels neared, Semmes opened fire first, while Winslow held Kearsarges guns until the ships were only 1,000 yards apart. As the fight continued, both ships sailed on circular courses seeking to gain an advantage over the other. Though Alabama hit the Union vessel several times, the poor condition of its powder showed as several shells, including one that hit Kearsarges sternpost, failed to detonate. Kearsarge faired better as its rounds hit with telling effect. An hour after the battle began, Kearsarges guns had reduced the Confederacys greatest raider to a burning wreck. With his ship sinking, Semmes struck his colors and requested help. Sending boats, Kearsarge managed to rescue much of Alabamas crew, though Semmes was able to escape aboard Deerhound. CSS Alabama - Aftermath The Confederacys top performing commerce raider, Alabama claimed sixty-five prizes which were valued at a total of $6 million. Hugely successful in disrupting Union commerce and inflating insurance rates, Alabamas cruise led to the use of additional raiders such as CSS Shenandoah. As many Confederate raiders, such as Alabama, CSS Florida, and Shenandoah, had been built in Britain with the British governments knowledge that the ships were destined for the Confederacy, the US Government pursued monetary damages after the war. Known as the Alabama Claims, the issue caused a diplomatic crisis that was finally resolved by the formation of a twelve-man committee which ultimately awarded damages of $15.5 million in 1872. Selected Sources CSS Alabama AssociationURI: CSS Alabama

The Diary of Anne Frank Book Review Essay - 1385 Words

The Diary of Anne Frank Book Review On June 12, 1929, at 7:30 AM, a baby girl was born in Frankfort, Germany. No one realized that this infant, who was Jewish, was destined to become one of the worlds most famous victims of World War II. Her name was Anne Frank. Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl, by Anne Frank and B.M. Mooyaart, was actually the real diary of Anne Frank. Anne was a girl who lived with her family during the time while the Nazis took power over Germany. Because they were Jewish, Otto, Edith, Margot, and Anne Frank immigrated to Holland in 1933. Hitler invaded Holland on May 10, 1940, a month before Anne?s eleventh birthday. In July 1942, Annes family went into hiding in the Prinsengracht building.†¦show more content†¦Almost every person at one point in his or her lives takes something for granted. Just imagining what Anne and her family had to go through makes us realize that life is rough sometimes, and we may not always get what we want, but it could always be worse, and maybe we should l earn to take pleasure in the little things life has to offer. From reading this book, we gathered a lot of information. One of the most important messages was that things don?t come easy for everyone, and you should appreciate what you have when you have it because in a matter of days, it could all be gone. Like we said before, life could always be worse, I mean we could be dead (knock on wood). We knew this girl who had everything that she could possibly want. She was very lucky, yet she never really appreciated what was handed to her every day. One day, while driving to her friends? house, she was hit by a car, and she wasn?t so lucky anymore. She could no longer walk, or even talk. In a matter of seconds, her whole life was changed. Had she known this was going to happen, I?m sure there would have been more ?I love you?s? or ?thank you?s?, and maybe spent less time worrying about how people looked and more time worrying about how they felt. Appreciating the small things life has to offer is something everyone should learn to do. Anne andSho w MoreRelated The Diary Of Anne Frank - Book Essay1042 Words   |  5 Pages The Diary of Anne Frank is about a girl that kept a diary while hiding from Nazi’s in Amsterdam for two years. The diary ends when the Nazi’s found her and her family. Her whole family was killed in exception for her father. She was given the journal on her thirteenth birthday. She simply summarized her life for two years in this phenomenal journal. This journal was found after she was killed. The book was published in 1947. Twenty-five million copies were sold and it was written in fifty-fourRead MoreA Private Diary to a Public Novel: Anne Frank886 Words   |  4 PagesA Private Diary to a Public Novel Anne Frank, like many people during World War II, kept a diary. However, her diary went on to become one of the most famous, most read books about the Holocaust (Histoy.com Staff). How did it happen that Anne’s personal diary turn into the most widely read account of the holocaust? Miep Gies found the diary after Otto, Edith, Margot, and Anne Frank, along with the Van Pels family, and Fritz Pfeffer were arrested. After the war, when Otto returned to Amsterdam andRead MoreThe Diary Of A Young Girl By Anne Frank977 Words   |  4 PagesFor my second book review I chose to read The Diary Of A Young Girl by Anne Frank. This novel follows the life of a young Jewish girl named Anne Frank as she struggles to survive in hiding during the Holocaust. It is composed of journal entries that Anne herself actually wrote as a thirteen to fifteen year old girl in hiding. The book begins when Anne’s parents give her a diary on her thirteenth birthday. Anne is excited about the book and begins writing right away. She writes about everythingRead More Anne Frank Remembered: Review Essay1105 Words   |  5 Pages Anne Frank Remembered: Review nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Anne Frank Remembered is the autobiography of Miep Gies, the woman who helped the Frank family survive during their two years in hiding. Her book is a primary source or first hand account of the persecution of Jewish people in Nazi occupied Holland during the second world war. It is also the first hand account of the hiding of Jews such as the Frank family, the Van Daan family, and Dr. Albert Dussel during this time. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;InRead MoreSummary : The Amsterdam 1380 Words   |  6 PagesDaily Edition ARRESTED! Michael Memis The Amsterdam Articles Yesterday, eight Jews in hiding were found and arrested by German and Dutch police. The people captured were Otto Frank, Hermann van Pels, Fritz Pfeffer, Peter van Pels, Edith Frank, Auguste van Pels, Margot Frank, and Anne Frank. The police were told of the location of the Jews by an anonymous person who didn’t give his name. They had hid in Otto Frank’s office building in a secret room. It was soon learned that theyRead MoreThe Freedom Writers And Erin Gruwell833 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Freedom Writers Diary† By: The Freedom Writers and Erin Gruwell Genre: Nonfiction Plot summary: The first pages include a forward by Zlata Filipovic. She is a survivor from the war in Sarajevo, and many call her the â€Å"modern day Anne Frank†. She talks about how the writers have affected her life, and how they are an inspiration to many around the world. The students entries consist of how they do not believe that Mrs. Gruwell will make it in their school. The students are deemed unteachableRead MoreI Have Lived A Thousand Years Book Review Essay1438 Words   |  6 PagesI Have Lived a Thousand Years Book Review Livia Bitton-Jackson’s intense memoir, I Have Lived a Thousand Years Growing up in the Holocaust, proves that we should never have stopped reading after Anne Frank’s Diary. Beginning in 1943, in Somorja, Hungary, Bitton-Jackson recounts Nazi invasion and occupation of Hungary. As a result of her family’s Judaism, the story traces her movement through various concentration camps, including Auschwitz. Being only thirteen to fourteen, over the duration of NaziRead MoreThe Impact Of Wwii On Jewish History1362 Words   |  6 PagesHitler killed himself the before the rivals caught him. Anne Frank was one of the most famous stories you can hear about from WWII. What was special about her is that everything she went through during the War, she wrote in her diary. After Hitler came to power, Anne Frank’s family went to the Netherlands. After the Germans invaded the Netherlands, it was no longer safe for Anne Frank’s family so they hid in a secret room insi de the office of Anne Frank’s dad. Some friends that weren t Jewish helpedRead MoreFreedom Writers : Film Review1085 Words   |  5 PagesFreedom Writers Film Review But even an ordinary secretary Or a housewife or a teenager Can, within their own small ways, Turn on a small light in a dark room. - Miep Gies Just like how Erin Gruwell (Hilary Swank) turned the lights on, in the dark room of 203. Freedom Writers is a film inspired by students of Woodrow Wilson High School as they experience the aftermath of LA riots. Los Angeles resembles a war zone back in the 1992. During this time in America, it all comes down to what a person lookRead MoreCensorship and Book Banning Essay1817 Words   |  8 Pages(â€Å"Banned Books and Authors†). Harry Hoffman, president of Walden Book Co., Inc., is accurate in this aspect. When books are censored or banned, they are not eliminated from society; however, their message emanates to create an impact. Even if the public conceals the content in these books, the victims that these censors sequester from these works are rarely unexposed to what is being censored to them. By challenging or attempting to ban a book, more attention is drawn to that distinct book, so society

The Hundred Years War free essay sample

A discussion of the political events that led to the Hundred Year War between the kings of England and France and the events which perpetuated after its closing. A paper which examines the years before, during and after one of the longest running conflicts between England and France the Hundred Year War which ran between the years 1337 and 1453. The paper examines the political ramifications of the war for both parties during the length of the war and after its closing. The Hundred Years War is a rather misleading name for the war between England and France in the fourteenth century. The war between the kings of England and France lasted between 1337 and 1453, which is certainly not hundred years. The war didnt last 116 years either. The number of actual warfare were much less one hundred, since in the course of this 116 year period there were numerous long truces and two treaties of peace intended to put a stop to hostilities entirely. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hundred Years War or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One must also add that at the time accepted as the end of the war there was no peace treaty. Also, the actual war started in 1337, while bad relations existed between the two kings ever since the Norman take over of the English throne years before the actual starting of the war. The war was affected by the values that the kings of the two countries possessed and the events of the outside world. The war made no important change in the relations of the two lands until its close, when England lost its possessions on the Continent and turned to up-building of sea power.

Madame Curie Essays - Radioactivity, Nobel Laureates In Physics

Madame Curie Discoverer of Radium Originally named Marja Sklodowska, Marie Curie was born in Warsaw on Nov. 7, 1867. Her father taught high school physics. In 1891 she went to Paris (where she changed her name to Marie) and enrolled in the Sorbonne. Two years later she passed the examination for her degree in physics, ranking in first place. She met Pierre Curie in 1894, and they married in 1895. Marie Curie was interested in the recent discoveries of radiation. Wilhelm Roentgen had discovered X rays in 1895/ ~ 1896 Antoine Henri Becquerel had discovered that the element uranium gives off similar invisible radiations. Curie thus began studying uranium radiations, and, using piezoelectric techniques devised by her husband, carefully measured the radiations in pitchblende, an ore containing uranium. When she found that the radiations from the ore were more intense than those from uranium itself, she realized that unknown elements, :.Jas. more radioactive than uranium, must be present. Marie Curie was the first to use t he term radioactive to describe elements that give off radiations as their nuclei break down. Pierre Curie ended his own work on magnetism to join his wife's research, and in 1898 the Curies announced their discovery of two new elements: polonium (named by Marie in honor of Poland) and radium. During the next four years the Curies, working in a leaky wooden shed, processed a ton of pitchblende, laboriously isolating from it a fraction of a gram of radium. They shared the 1903 Nobel Prize in physics with Becquerel for the discovery of radioactive elements. Marie Curie was the first female recipient of a Nobel Prize. In 1904 Pierre Curie was appointed professor of physics at the University of Paris, and in 1905 he was named a member of the French Academy. Such positions were not then commonly held by women, and Marie was not similarly recognized. Pierre's life ended on April 19, 1906, when he was run over by a horse-drawn cart. His wife took over his classes and continued her own research In 1911 she received an unprecedented second Nobel Prize, this time in chemistry, for her work on radium and radium compounds. She became head of the Paris Institute of Radium in 1914 and helped found the Curie Institute. Marie Curie's final illness was diagnosed as pernicious anemia, caused by overexposure to radiation. She died in Haute Savoie on July 4, 1934. The Curies had two daughters, one of whom was also a Nobel Prize winner. Irene Joliot-Curie and her husband, Frederic received the 1935 Nobel Prize in chemistry for the synthesis of new radioactive elements.

History of the HOlocaust

History of the HOlocaust A History of the Holocaust In the book A History of the Holocaust: From Ideology to Annihilation, Rita Botwinick makes many valid points about the Holocaust. She discusses major themes occurring during the Holocaust period of World War II such as intentionalism vs. functionalism and the role of churches during the war. She supports almost all of her arguments with solid research and sources as well as personal observations. Her points are very well thought out and persuasive. I would like to focus on a few of the main ideas that stuck out to me as I read the book. Did Hitler want a Germany that was free of Jews or was his master plan simply to wipe all Jews off the face of the Earth? It is this question that gives rise to the debate of whether Hitler held an intentionalist or a functionalist ideology. The arguments in favor of intentionalism insist that Hitler's intent, even before the war, was to systematically and effectively annihilate the Jewish population from the world.English: Rows of bodies fill the yard of Lager Nor...On the other side of this argument is Functionalism. This ideology holds that Hitler did not set out to annihilate the Jews but that the ridding of their race arose, not from a previously devised plan, but evolved due to many factors over the course of the war. Botwinick argues that Hitler did want to rid Germany of the Jewish race but, that the systematic killing of every Jew was not his initial plan. Thus, she reluctantly sides with the functionalist argument. She does, however, cite evidence that at times contradicts this viewpoint. One such contradiction occurs with the dying statement of Hitler. In this quote he states that although he had lost the war, he had "at least been victorious in the destruction of the Jews" (p.

The Difference between the Third Way and Socialism Essay

The Difference between the Third Way and Socialism - Essay Example It has information about Western Europe and Anglo American world. This can include thoughts from western philosophers like Kant, Marx Hegel,Heder , Hobbes, Rousseau and miller. It has ideas and thoughts about industrial revolution in 19th century .In modern political ideas, new political theories and definitions are explored and explained. Modern political ideas suggest that the glimpse shown by social philosophers are more or less unreal and exaggerated. In order to portray political philosophies more realistically, practical matters must be included in them. If we go little deeper into Modern political ideas we can analyze two concepts namely; Third Way and socialism. It is necessary to understand these two concepts in order to analyze or interpret them. These two ideas are separate still share a common link to each other. According to BBC(1999)â€Å"Put at its most basic the third way is something different and distinct from liberal capitalism with its unswerving belief in the me rits of the free market and democratic socialism with its demand management and obsession with the state†. ... It emphasizes on responsibility, obligation and de-centralizing government while giving less importance to income re- distribution. As per Mercer (2005)â€Å"On the world stage, socialism has reinvented itself successfully and has surfaced in the guise of the vaunted Third Way whose main apparatchiks are the Clintons, the pair from Cool Britannia and the German Chancellor, Gerhard Schroeder†. The third way is a middle path where the government will tread on in order to escape the liberal attitude of socialist principles and capitalism view of industrialists. This is a successful method of governing people as citizens will get ownership to property as well as freedom to act on their own. They can also govern themselves regarding their capabilities, rights, property ownership and responsibilities in society. The ideas and principles of third way is not accurate, hence their specification is difficult. There are arguments that third way politicians speak on a double standards. Th e relation of third way with socialism Socialism has reinvented successfully in the new age and new socialist concepts are bandwagon into third way politics. The concepts of third way politics are adhered by social democrats to formulate third way social democracy. The third way democracy proponents argue that it is not socialism and it is â€Å"competition capitalism†. By accepting capitalism the new right is representing social democrats. There is something called centralized socialism and decentralized socialism. However centralized socialism is traditional and decentralized socialism needs to be taken over by the former. The association of state ownership and social ownership has an automatic association and it is followed by traditional

Scientific Advancement in the 20th Century Essay

Scientific Advancement in the 20th Century - Essay Example Instead of analyzing the problem on scientific basis, they have adhered to their timeworn ideologies with a practical surrender to the materialistic values in vogue. Even the torchbearers, the so-called intellectuals and modern scholars of any religion pretend to be abreast with the modern scientific thought have given in to the onslaught of modern sciences and in secret depths of their hearts feel nervous how to defend their position. They are doing more harms than good by defending their post with archaic weapons. Like the case of William James in his "Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature" wrote: Failure, then, failure! So the world stamps us at every turn. We strew it with our blunders, our misdeeds, our lost opportunities, with all the memorials of our inadequacy to our vocation. And with what a damning emphasis does it then blot us out! No easy fine, no mere apology or formal expiation, will satisfy the world's demands, but every pound of flesh exacted is soaked with all its blood. The subtlest forms of suffering known to man are connected with the poisonous humiliations incidental to these results. And they are pivotal human experiences. A process so ubiquitous and everlasting is evidently an integral part of life. 'There is indeed one element in human destiny,' Robert Louis Stevenson writes, 'that not blindness itself can controvert. Whatever else we are intended to do, we are not intended to succeed; failure is the fate allotted.' And our nature being thus rooted in failure, is it any wonder that theologians should have held it to be essential, and thought that only th rough the personal experience of humiliation which it engenders the deeper sense of life's significance is reached (Varieties, p. 138) The main reason of this fall to dishonor and disdain, is the writer's indifference towards scientific disciplines. It has put among the tail-enders in the world. An in-depth inquiry of human history reveals that our forefathers disseminated thought and philosophy to the whole world and founded numerous scientific disciplines. Had our forefathers not accomplished their pioneer work in the field of empirical sciences, the contemporary scientific disciplines could never have developed into their present status. They dawned in the words of William James and others1 with wisdom on the Western thoughts and drowned in murk and darkness of ignorance. This philosophy amply fled on our illuminating heredity. And we spared everything witlessly. The science is advancing by leaps and bounds. As shown in the William work, he was rightly proud of his superior evolutionary status among the comity of nations. As he keep the poor and the deprived dependent and subdued, he also intended to see the other religions under their subjugating authority. His philosophical thought and civilization is eating up geographical distances and the world spread over millions of miles has been reduced to Global village. Owing to scientific progress, deserts are being transformed into meadows and fertile fields. The mineral wealth is drawn to one feet. Scientific knowledge has enabled to bring all the natural sources under human control and consumption. This is, however, tragic to note that his scientific approaches are adamantly bent upon keeping the backward nations dependent and subdued. In this regards, the minorities are well-defined target. Like

Rhino Poaching facts Essay Example for Free

Rhino Poaching facts Essay A total of 158 rhino have been poached since the beginning of the year. In the Kruger National Park, 116 rhino had been poached, the department of environmental affairs said in a statement. Thirteen were poached in North West, 12 in KwaZulu-Natal, nine in Mpumalanga and eight in Limpopo. Sixty-one people had been arrested: 38 of them alleged poachers and three alleged couriers, the department said. In the past week, two poachers were arrested in the KNP. Nine people had also been arrested at a game farm near Lephalale, in Limpopo, in connection with a rhino poaching incident on March 10. Over 630 rhino were killed by poachers in 2012. Rhino poaching debilitates the being of the rhinoceros. At present, the black rhinoceros is recorded as basically endangered, and the white rhinoceros is recorded as close endangered. Expanded levels of poaching are prodding the rhino closer and closer to eradication. Number of inhabitants in the dark rhino is presently bound at 4,840, while the white rhino is assessed to be near 20,000. Developing interest and costs for rhinoceros horn are driving poaching levels up. Different techniques are utilized to attempt and avoid rhino from falling prey to poachers yet the butcher and damaging of this jeopardized species proceeds unabated. The rhinos bear a certain measure of anxiety in the dehorning activity and once their horn has been evacuated, they no longer have that defense component. On the account of female rhinos, when they conceive a calf, they require the horn to encourage the baby rhino to its feet. The other hindrance of dehorning is that the horn develops back and the dehorning process must be rehashed on a general support all through the rhino’s lifetime. As a substitute for using cash on dehorning, we accept that the best and most financially savvy path to minimize the poaching and attempt to avoid the extinction of the species is to direct toxic substance to the horns. An agriculturist in South Africa finished this and he says the toxin, while savage to people, and has no impact on the rhino. This may appear to be an extraordinary measure yet the main route to counteract rhino poaching is to debilitate individuals from getting it and it would just need to be finished once to every rhino. Marks could be raised where rhinos are continued cautioning poachers that the horns are harmed. Warnings could additionally be issued through media fights worldwide and the saying might soon get around that utilization of rhino horn could demonstrate lethal The rhinoceros has an uncommon part inside its environment, and provided that it was to go terminated, different plants and creatures might endure. The rhino plays an exceptionally unique part because rhinos are mega-herbivores; they have an enormous effect on the environment. They smash ways through thick brush and woodland and clear a path for different creatures. Their waste enhances soil nourishment and structure, and holds seed that can sprout it claim instant heap of compost. They additionally burrow to make wallows; securing pools of water profiting different. Reference: http://www.environment.co.za/wildlife-endangered-species/rhino-poaching-in-south-africa.html, Published on: May 3, 2013 Impact of rhino poaching on the environment: 1. Rhino poaching often leaves baby rhinos to die or unborn rhino fetuses to never be born as it is often pregnant or nursing mothers who are poached. This affects the rhino population. 2. As large herbivores searching for more plants to eat, rhinos often charge through bushes and trees and make new paths for other animals so that they, too, can access food. Without the role of the rhino, animals have a harder time finding food. 3. The excrement of rhinos enriches the soil and its structure, ensuring that plants continue to grow in that area. Without their dung, soil fertility suffers. 4. Rhinos dig to creat esmall pools that collect water and help other animals like frogs and insects who use them to complete their life cycles. Without these wallows, other animal species suffer. 5. Rhinos are one of the animals that attracts tourists to the areas they live in. without the tourism dollars rhinos attract, conservation of the area is at risk.

The Character Development Program of Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools :: Education CMS Essays

The Character Development Program of Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools (CMS), with the support of The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, recently received a four-year, 1.83 million dollar grant from the United States Department of Education to implement a character development program for students. This program is designed to integrate character development into classroom instruction and to ensure parental and community involvement in character development initiatives. The program has existed for one year. The purpose of this paper is to overview the goals and activities of the program. The program goals are to: (1) enhance character development among CMS students; (2) identify the extent to which students in the treatment group exhibit fewer instances of negative behavior as a result of exposure to character development activities; (3) enhance the understanding and involvement of parents and families in school-based character education efforts; and (4) increase the involvement of the faith and social communities in school-based character education efforts in CMS. The goals of the program are being measured through multiple data collection techniques  ¡V surveys, interviews, focus groups, observations, and review of existing data. Evaluation of the program is both formative and summative. Using a quasi-experimental design with carefully matched comparison conditions, twenty-five elementary, middle, and high schools with more than 24,000 students (i.e., the treatment group) are being exposed to an array of character development initiatives. These schools have been matched with demographically similar schools (i.e., the control group) that are not receiving these initiatives. Baseline data for goals and objectives were obtained during the 2002-2003 school year for the purpose of comparison with data obtained during subsequent years of the program. We expect that this program will decrease office referrals and suspensions, increase attendance, and increase the number of students participating in service learning at a statistically significant level. In addition, we expect that Parent-Teacher Association attendance and parental awareness of good character will increase. Also, we anticipate an increase in involvement in schools of the faith and business communities, a fusing of character and religious teachings within the faith community, and an increase in the in-kind and financial support of the schools from the business and social community. During the next three years, CMS central office will support the treatment schools' efforts to enhance character development by: . Developing a guide for parents that describes how families can teach and model

Space and Plant Landscape Architecture

Creation of space Created by modifying ground plane, vertical plane, overhead lane both individually and collectively Ground plane- ground cover or low shrubs may imply spatial definition through variations in height and material Vertical plane- can influence the perception of space in several ways : Tree trunks act as vertical columns The degree of enclosure will vary with the size of the trunks, their density of massing, and their pattern of arrangement The foliage mass of plants, the density and height of the foliage mass affects the quality of the space The taller the plant and the larger and more closely its leaves or needles are spaced, he stronger the feeling of enclosure Enclosure is to occur with seasonal variation The overhead planet foliage mass and branches in the canopy of trees Create ceilings over an outdoor space, Limiting the view to the sky Affecting the vertical scale of the space Trees are placed so strong; canopy overlaps shutting out exposure to the sky Collecti vely, as outdoors room The degree of perceived enclosure varies with The relative height of the surrounding vegetation Its spacing, density, and The position of the viewer relative to the surrounding vegetation A space feels very enclosed when he encircling plant materials areBasic spatial types created with plants Creation of numerous types of spatial character using only plant materials Modify the spaces created by buildings Modify the spaces created by buildings To subdivide larger spaces delineated by buildings into smaller spaces Modify the spaces created by buildings Complete the spatial definition and organization Closure The completion of a spatial enclosure, articulated by a building or enclosing wall Modify the spaces created by buildings Linkage Visually connecting separate elements Architectural uses of plant material 2. Screening To conceal unattractive objects or scenes in the environment A vertical barrier can control views 3. Privacy control The techniques of encircl ing a well-defined area with plants To isolate the space from its surrounding Eliminate freedom of movement through enclosed space LANDSCAPE VISUAL CHARACTERISTICS Visual Plant Characteristics Visual Plant Characteristics Plant size, form, color and texture 1 . Plant size Directly affects the scale of a space, compositional interest, overall framework of a design Visual Plant Characteristics – plant size Large and intermediate trees, oft tallVisual Plant Characteristics – plant size Tall shrubs, loft to oft Lack of canopy Visual Plant Characteristics – plant size Tall shrubs, loft to oft Visual Plant Characteristics – plant size Intermediate shrubs, oft to oft tall Serve as visual transition in a composition between tall shrubs and small trees and low shrubs Low shrubs, oft Define space or separate spaces without in habiting views Used along a walk or path to contain pedestrians on the walk without affecting the line of visions Used to connect other unrel ated elements visually Subordinate element Give a composition a spotty appearance LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE Visual Plant Characteristics – plant size Ground cover, 6 in to 12 inches Floor material of an outdoor space To imply spatial edges Outlining a desired shape on the ground To define non walking surface, lawn and pavement To provide visual interest based on distinct color or texture As background To link visually separate elements or group of element To stabilize the soil, prevent erosion LANDSCAPE 2.Plant form Visual Plant Characteristics – plant form Fascinated / Columnar Upright, narrow, papers to a point at its top Emphasize the vertical by leading the eye skyward Give a sense of vertically and height to both a plant mass and to a space they enclose Acts as accents and exclamation pointillist's not be placed throughout a composition Visual Plant Characteristics – plant form Spreading/horizontal Horizontal habit To give a feeling of breadth and extent Used in a composition Used for contrast with vertical fascinate Harmony with flat landforms, long lines extending across the horizon, low horizontal buildingsVisual Plant Characteristics – plant form Round, globular Design composition, design unity No directional, neutral Harmony with other curvilinear forms Visual Plant Characteristics – plant form Pyramidal/conical Very sharp and distinct in their outline Visual accents Echo pyramidal building forms Visual level region where mountain are lacking Harmony with design of stiff, geometric shapes Visual Plant Characteristics – plant form Weeping Predominantly pendulous, downward-arching, branches Found in and associated with low points of ground, like he weeping willow along edges of water bodies Lead the eye toward the ground Used over water to reflect the undulating form.

Using the Spanish Pronoun Nadie

Nadie  is an indefinite pronoun that typically means no one or nobody.  Nadie can replace a  noun  that has been mentioned previously in a conversation or is obvious from context; it is considered indefinite because it doesnt refer to a particular person. Key Takeaways: Nadie Nadie is usually a pronoun that means nobody or no one.When used as part of a double negative, nadie often is translated anybody.Unless the context demands otherwise, nadie is treated as masculine. Although it has no gender, it is typically used with masculine adjectives unless the context requires otherwise. The antonym of nadie is alguien. Nadie Used as a Subject Nadie when used as the subject of a sentence takes a singular verb. For example,  nadie lo cree  means nobody believes it or no one believes it. Nadie es perfecto. (Nobody is perfect.)Los mujeres soon tristes. Nadie està ¡ contenta. (The women are sad. Nobody is pleased. The feminine adjective is used here because the context indicates that nadie refers to women.)Nadie quiero viajar conmigo. (Nobody wants to travel with me.)Una encuesta revela que casi nadie va a comprar el new iPhone 8 si cuesta mà ¡s de 1.000 dà ³lares. (A new poll indicates that almost nobody is going to buy the new iPhone if it costs more than $1,000.) Nadie Used as Part of a Double Negative When nadie follows the verb of a sentence, typically it is used as part of a double negative. Because standard English does not use double negatives, nadie is sometimes translated into English as anybody or anyone in such sentences. For example, No conozco a nadie translates to, I dont know anybody.  ¡No lo digas a nadie! (Dont tell anyone!)Ellos jamà ¡s comprenden a nadie. (They never understand anybody.)No veo a nadie fuera de mi trabajo. (I never see anybody outside of my work.) Nadie Used in Questions When used as part of a question, nadie is used as part of a double negative. For example,  Ã‚ ¿No ha estudiado nadie?, means,​Hasnt anybody studied? Again, because nadie is being used in a double negative, the word is translated into anybody.  ¿No quiere nadie ir contigo? (Doesnt anybody want to go with you?) ¿No sale nadie para asistir a la clase? (Isnt anybody leaving to attend class?) ¿No cree nadie que Elvis todavà ­a vive? (Doesnt anybody still believe Elvis is alive?) Nadie Used as an Object Pronoun When used as an object pronoun, nadie requires the personal a. A personal a  serves as a preposition. It has no direct translation into English.  For example, No veo a nadie means I dont see anyone. A nadie me importa. (Nobody cares about me.)Estoy sola en una ciudad donde no conoce a nadie. (Im alone in a city where I dont know anybody.)Mi misià ³n no es daà ±ar a nadie. (My mission isnt to harm anyone.) Using the Phrase Nadie De In standard Spanish, the phrase nadie de, nobody from, nobody in, or nobody of, is followed by a singular noun. The Royal Spanish Academy says that nadie de should not be used to indicate one person of a group, and that ninguno should be used instead. Thus none of my friends should be translated as ninguno de mis amigos. However, in real life nadie de mis amigos is sometimes used. These examples are of standard Spanish: Nadie del equipo està ¡ feliz. (Nobody from the team is happy.)Ninguno de los jugadores està ¡ feliz. (None of the players is happy.)No hay nadie de Madrid en el foro. (There is nobody from Madrid in the forum.)No hay ninguno de los estudiantes en el foro. (There are none of students in the forum.) Nadie Used Figuratively As with nobody in the English sentence He believes hes a nobody, nadie can be used figuratively as a noun. As a noun it can be masculine or feminine as well as singular or plural depending on whom it refers to. Quiero que sea un nadie en mi mundo. (I want to be a nobody in my world.)Ahora volvà ­a a ser la doà ±a nadie que no podà ­a tener novio. (Now I would again become the Ms. Nobody that couldnt have a boyfriend.)Los sinhogares son los nadies, los olvidados. (The homeless are the nobodies, the forgotten ones.)